• Integrated multi-articulator kinematics were studied using diverse instrumentation (lip/jaw, tongue, chest wall) to track timing, amplitude, and velocity of speech gestures, revealing coordinated control across articulators beyond isolated tongue movements [3], [16], [5], [12], [8].

• Coarticulation patterns are characterized by anticipatory and carryover effects in both temporal and spatial domains, demonstrated in VCV sequences and tongue-lip-jaw coordination, with rapid differences across phonetic contexts and asymmetries in articulation [2], [12], [20].

• Perturbation experiments reveal fast, utterance-specific compensatory movements in lip and jaw, suggesting coordinative structures in speech that constrain articulatory response to perturbations rather than simple reflexes [4], [13].

• Instrumental analyses show distinctive articulatory-phonatory patterns in dysarthria and verbal dyspraxia, using electropalatography, pneumotachography, and transduction systems to quantify deviations in tongue–palate coordination and voicing [7], [11], [16].

• Vowel production and perception are tied to articulatory formants and dynamic vowel transitions, with Dutch vowel frequency analyses and vowel/non-vowel identification studies providing cross-speaker references for acoustic-phonetic mapping [10], [6], [11].